ارزیابی آرایش بهینه پیچ‌سنگ به‌منظور پایداری توده سنگ درزه‌دار با روش DEM-DFN سه‌بعدی - مطالعه موردی: مغار کلاب 2

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

پایدارسازی ساختارهای زیرزمینی در محیط‌های سنگی درزه‌دار همواره برای مهندسین علوم زمین موضوعی چالش‌برانگیز بوده است. این موضوع زمانی اهمیت بیشتری پیدا می­کند که در اثر حفاری فضاهای زیرزمینی در محیط‌های درزه‌دار به دلیل نامنظم بودن آرایش درزه‌ها تحلیل اندرکنش بلوک‌ها گاهی بسیار پیچیده ­شود. ازجمله روش‌های تحلیل پایداری این‌گونه ساختارها، روش تلفیقی المان مجزا و شبکه ناپیوستگی‌های مجزا (DFN-DEM) است. در این روش به دلیل عدم قطعیت در پارامترهای هندسی درزه­داری منطقه، آرایش ناپیوستگی‌ها با استفاده از توزیع‌های احتمالاتی معرفی می­گردند.‌ استفاده از پیچ‌سنگ‌ها یکی از متداول‌ترین روش‌های پایدارسازی این‌گونه سازه‌های زیرزمینی است و تعیین طول پیچ‌سنگ‌ها با توجه به هندسه و ابعاد بلوک‌های تشکیل‌شده اطراف فضای زیرزمینی چالش اصلی در طراحی آرایش این سیستم نگهداری است. به این منظور در این مطالعه مغار کلاب 2 کشور سوئد موردبررسی قرار گرفته ‌است. این مغار شامل شش دسته‌درزه با ویژگی‌های هندسی متفاوت است که با بهره‌گیری از روش کتره‌ای شبکه ناپیوستگی‌های مجزا مدل هندسی شبیه‌سازی‌شده و از روش عددی المان مجزا سه‌بعدی به‌منظور تحلیل پایداری استفاده شده است. الگوهای مورداستفاده شامل پیچ‌سنگ‌هایی با طول‌های 3، 6 و 9 متری می‌باشند. در تحلیل‌ها به‌منظور مقایسه بین الگوها و درنهایت تعیین مناسب­ترین الگو از دو معیار فنی و اقتصادی بهره گرفته شده ‌است. نتایج نشان می­دهد در ابتدا افزایش طول پیچ‌سنگ موجب افزایش پایداری می­شود اما پس از طول مشخصی با افزایش طول پیچ‌سنگ دیگر بهبود فراوانی حاصل نمی­شود، بنابراین با افزایش طول پیچ‌سنگ لزوماً پایداری مغار افزایش نمی­یابد. الگوی نهایی پیشنهادی به‌منظور پایداری این مغار با در نظر گرفتن معیارهای فنی و اقتصادی، با توجه به حجم بلوک‌های ناپایدار و میزان پیچ‌سنگ مصرفی، الگوی 6 متری پیچ‌سنگ‌ها و فاصله‌داری 2 متری است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از روش‌های متداول ارزیابی میزان نگهداری فضاهای زیرزمینی بدون در نظر گرفتن آرایش ناپیوستگی‌ها و اندازه و حجم بلوک‌های ایجادشده به‌ویژه در اطراف این فضا، می‌تواند باعث عدم پایداری و صرفه اقتصادی پروژه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the optimal arrangement of rock bolts on the stability of jointed rockmass Using Three-Dimensional DFN-DEM Approach - Case study: Clab 2 cavern

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nooshin Senemarian Isfahani 1
  • Amin Azhari 2
  • Alireza Baghbana 2
  • Hamid Hashemolhosseini 1
1 Dept. of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Dept. of Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

 Summary
A novel procedure for selecting the optimal length of the rock bolts is developed, as the main supporting component in supporting underground structures. The data of the study is obtained from a Clab2 cavern in Sweden which includes six joint sets with different irregular geometric characteristics. A three-dimensional distinct element method along with discrete fracture network approach is utilized for the analyses. To support this blocky structure, rock bolts with lengths of 3, 6 and 9 meters were implemented. Technical and economic criteria have been used and the recommended pattern was 6-meter rock bolts with 2 meter spacing.
 
Introduction
The collapse of blocks is one of the most important issues in the stability and design of underground. However, most of the studies have been performed to stabilize the underground spaces by rock bolts in continuous environments with regular joint networks and in two dimensions. This study presents a procedure to investigate the stability of underground spaces in three dimensions in rock mass with irregular discontinuities by stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN) method evaluating the effect of bolt length and spacing on the stability of underground structures.

Methodology and Approaches
The purpose of this study is to provide a process to optimize the bolting pattern in the support system. For this, the geomechanical data of Clab2 cavern located in the Sympivarp region, Sweden was utilized. This cavern has a depth, length. Width and height of 30, 115, 21, and 27 meters with a horseshoe section. The joint studies in the area identified six joint sets around the cavern. Ten DFN realizations were generated along with different patterns of bolting systems with various lengths and spacing. The rock bolts used in this research have lengths of 3, 6 and 9 meters with a longitudinal and transverse distance of 2 meters.
 
Results and Conclusions
The effect of a particular supporting system on various discontinuity networks is different, which can be significantly effective or ineffective in some discontinuity networks. This shows the need to apply and examine support systems on different discontinuity networks to achieve the optimal pattern. In this study, a new trend is presented to achieve the optimal pattern based on the total volume of unstable blocks and the volume of which 80% of unstable blocks are smaller, along with the total length of the used bolts. The results show that the stability of the cavern in using the bolt support system does not necessarily increase using longer rock bolts. Initially, increasing the length of the bolts increases the stability, however after a certain length, increasing the length of the bolts no longer significantly improves the stability of the structure. Therefore, considering the economic criteria, the 6-meter model is the best model for stabilizing the desired cave.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • rockbolt pattern
  • discrete fracture network (DFN)
  • discrete element method (DEM)
  • jointed rock mass
  • stabilizing underground spaces
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