تاریخ دریافت: 09 آذر 1394،
تاریخ بازنگری: 15 مرداد 1396،
تاریخ پذیرش: 26 تیر 1396
چکیده
نفوذپذیری توده سنگ یکی از مهمترین پارامترهای کنترل کننده پروژههای مختلف مهندسی سنگ اعم از مخازن دفن زبالههای اتمی، پی سدها، فضاهای زیرزمینی همانند تونل‍‌ها و مغارها، پروژه های ژئوترمال و تولید نفت و گاز است. به طور کلی نفوذپذیری توده سنگ متشکل از نفوذپذیری سنگ بکر و ناپیوستگی های موجود در آن است اما در حوضههای با سنگ میزبان سخت و کریستالی نفوذپذیری سنگ بکر تقریباً ناچیز و قابل اغماض است و کنترل کننده اصلی جریان عبوری از توده سنگ، درزهها و ناپیوستگی ها هستند. در چنین شرایطی، علاوه بر پارامترهای هندسی درزه لازم است تاثیر عواملی همانند جابجایی برشی و تنش نرمال نیز بررسی گردد. در این مقاله با روش عددی المان مجزاء یک کد عددی توسط نرم افزار UDEC برای بررسی کوپل هیدرومکانیکی درزه های منفرد تحت برش با مدل درزه داری بارتن- باندیس توسعه داده شده است. در کد عددی توسعه داده شده تاثیر پارامترهایی همانند جابجایی برشی، تنش نرمال و سختی درزه بررسی شده است. برای راستی آزمایی مدل عددی نتایج آن با نتایج تجربی بدست آمده توسط السون- بارتن (2001) مقایسه شده است. بررسی های انجام شده، نشان میدهد که نتایج مدلسازی عددی هماهنگی خوبی با نتایج آزمایشگاهی السون ـ بارتن (2001) دارد. همچنین تحلیل های عددی انجام شده حاکی از آنست که متناسب با افزایش جابجایی برشی، مقدار بازشدگی هیدرولیکی و نرخ جریان افزایش مییابد.
Dept. of Mining and Metallurgy, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
چکیده [English]
Summary This papers focuses on the permeability of rock joint under direct shear tests and a comprehensive study was made to numerically evaluate the hydro-mechanical behavior of rock joints.
Introduction Rock mass permeability is a key parameter in rock engineering projects such as repositories for radioactive waste, dam foundations, excavation of tunnels and caverns, geothermal energy plants, oil and gas production, etc. Due to the stiffer rock matrix, most parts of rock mass permeability are related to the joints and discontinuities. Further, shear and normal stress, shear and normal deformation, joint roughness and etc. affect rock joint permeability. Therefore interaction between stress and permeability is a crucial factor during different stages of reservoir’s life such as: assessment, productivity and management.
Methodology and Approaches In the present paper, it is intended to consider the permeability of rock discontinuity in direct shear test. For this purpose, a distinct element code is used to develop numerical modeling of the direct shear test. UDEC has the capability to perform the analysis of fluid flow through the fractures and voids of a system of impermeable blocks. Steady-state pore pressures can be assigned to zones within deformable blocks and boundary conditions may be applied in terms of fluid pressures or by defining an impervious boundary. The fluid-flow calculation can also be run either coupled or uncoupled with the mechanical stress calculation. A fully coupled mechanical-hydraulic analysis is performed in which fracture conductivity is dependent on deformation, and conversely, joint fluid pressures affect the mechanical computations. Two main experimental stress conditions under which the shear force of rock joints can be determined, are the Constant Normal Load condition, CNL, and the Constant Normal Stiffness condition, CNS. The numerical model was calibrated with experimental tests and it was tried to confirm the validity of the developed model. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was made to investigate the effect of mechanical rock joint parameters and properties of fluid on the flow rate of discontinuities.
Results and Conclusions Variation of shear stress and rock joint transmissivity with shear displacement compared in the both numerical model and experimental test and it is shown that the results of numerical modeling have a good agreement with results of experimental models from literature. Numerical analyses revealed that with increasing the shear displacement, increases hydraulic aperture and flow rate of discontinuities. Also it is revealed that joint roughness coefficient has a direct relation with flow rate of discontinuity.
کلیدواژه ها [English]
Hydro-mechanical couple, shear displacement, permeability, Barton-Bandis, distinct element method
مراجع
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