زون‌بندی مخزنی بر اساس داده‌های پتروگرافی و پتروفیزیکی (مطالعه موردی: بخش بالایی سازند سروک در یکی از میدان‌های نفتی ناحیه دشت آبادان، جنوب غربی ایران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اکتشاف نفت، دانشکده مهندسی نفت، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 گروه صنایع گاز، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، نفت و گاز، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

3 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

4 شرکت مهندسی و توسعه نفت، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سازند سروک در کرتاسه میانی به سن آلبین – تورونین با ترکیب سنگ­شناسی غالب سنگ‌آهک و آهک دولومیتی یکی از مهم‌ترین مخازن نفتی در جنوب غربی ایران به شمار می­رود. در این مطالعه به‌منظور ارزیابی کیفیت مخزنی بخش بالایی سازند سروک در یکی از میدان‌های نفتی ناحیه دشت آبادان از نتایج مطالعات مقاطع نازک میکروسکوپی، داده­های تخلخل-تراوایی مغزه و نمودارهای پتروفیزیکی یک چاه استفاده‌ شده است. بر اساس مطالعات مقاطع میکروسکوپی، سازند سروک در 5 کمربند رخساره­ای پهنه جزر و مدی، لاگون، پشته سدی، رمپ میانی و رمپ خارجی نهشته شده­ است. انحلال، شکستگی، سیمانی شدن، تراکم و دولومیتی­شدن از مهم‌ترین فرآیندهای دیاژنزی مؤثر بر تغییرات کیفیت مخزنی این سازند به‌حساب می­روند. رخساره­های الکتریکی (EF) بر مبنای نمودارهای چاه­پیمایی و آنالیز خوشه­بندی سلسله‌مراتبی تعیین ‌شده است. با استفاده از روش­های پتروفیزیکی شاخص زون جریانی (FZI) و لورنز اصلاح­شده بر مبنای چینه­شناسی (SMLP) به ترتیب 5 و 7 واحد جریانی تعیین شد. درنهایت، مطالعات مقاطع میکروسکوپی، رخساره­های الکتریکی و واحدهای جریانی هیدرولیکی در چارچوب زون‌بندی مخزنی به روش لورنز بررسی‌شده و ارتباطات آن‌ها مورد بررسی و تفسیر قرار گرفته است. درنتیجه، رخساره­های دانه پشتیبان مربوط به کمربندهای رخساره­ای پشته سدی و رمپ میانی (به سمت خشکی) و فرآیندهای دیاژنزی افزاینده کیفیت مخزنی مانند انحلال و شکستگی بهترین زون‌های مخزنی را تشکیل داده­اند. در طرف مقابل، رخساره­های گل پشتیبان کمربندهای رخساره­ای رمپ میانی (به سمت دریای باز) و رمپ خارجی، پهنه جزر و مدی و لاگون و فرآیندهای دیاژنزی کاهنده مانند سیمانی­شدن، تراکم و دولومیتی­شدن به­عنوان زون‌های ضعیف یا غیر مخزنی معرفی شده­اند. به‌طورکلی رخساره­های رسوبی و بعدازآن دیاژنز، مهم‌ترین عامل کنترل­کننده گسترش زون‌های مخزنی در بخش بالایی سازند سروک محسوب می‌شوند. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که زون‌بندی مخزنی بر اساس روش لورنز اصلاح‌شده بر مبنای چینه­شناسی (SMLP) می‌تواند در تفسیر ناهمگنی­های مخزنی بخش بالایی سازند سروک در مقیاس میدانی مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reservoir Zonation Based on Petrographic and Petrophysical Data (Case Study: Upper Part of Sarvak Formation in an Oilfield in Abadan Plain, SW Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arad Kiani 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Saberi 1
  • Bahman Zare Nejad 2
  • Elham Asadi Mehmandosti 3
  • Nasim Rahmani 4
1 Semnan University
2 petroleum/ Semnan university
3 Kharazmi University
4 NIOC
چکیده [English]

Summary
In this study, results of microscopic studies on thin sections, core porosity data, and petrophysical charts along a well were used to evaluate the reservoir quality of the upper part of the Sarvak Formation in one of the oil fields in Abadan Plain. This research showed that SMLP-based zonation can be applied on a field scale as it could appropriately represent the heterogeneity of the Sarvak reservoir at a large scale.
 
Introduction
The main purpose of the study is to investigate the reservoir quality of the upper part of Sarvak Formation in an oilfield within Abadan Plain by analyzing the facies and sedimentary environment, pore system, diagenetic processes, electrofacies, and flow units. To this end, a set of microscopic thin section data, core porosity data, and well logs were employed as input data. The main advantages of the proposed methodology include its ability to predict and justify changes in reservoir quality, its contribution to reservoir modeling and reservoir zonation, and the resultant reduction of the drilling cost in the studied oilfield.
 
Methodology and Approaches
 The set of input data used in this study included 269 m of drilling cores, 694 thin sections prepared from the cores, porosity-permeability data from 548 core plug samples, and petrophysical logs including gamma, neutron, sonic, density, and resistivity reading at a key well in an oilfield within Abadan Plain, southwestern Iran. Results of petrographic studies (i.e., sedimentary texture, facies belts, diagenetic processes, and pore systems) and electrofacies were incorporated into a framework for identifying the zones introduced by SMLP, and the relationship between them was examined and interpreted.
 
Results and Conclusions
Based on the microscopic studies, it was found that the formation was composed of 5 facies belts, namely tidal flat zone, lagoon, shoal, middle ramp, and outer ramp facies were deposited. Dissolution, fracturing, cementation, compaction, and dolomitization were identified as the most important diagenetic processes affecting the reservoir quality in Sarvak Formation. Electrofacies (EF) were determined based on well charts and hierarchical clustering analysis. Using two petrophysical methods, namely, flow zone index (FZI) and stratigraphic modified Lorenz plot (SMLP), we ended up detecting 5 and 7 flow units, respectively. Finally, microscopic analysis of thin sections and investigation of electrofacies and hydraulic flow units in the framework of reservoir zonation by using the SMLP were devised to review the zonations and interpret them appropriately. As a result, the grain-supported facies related to the shoal and the middle ramp environments and the diagenetic processes enhancing the reservoir quality (e.g., dissolution and fracturing) were found to lead to the best-reservoir quality zones. On the other hand, the poor reservoir quality zones were found to be a result of the mud-supported facies of the middle and outer ramp, tidal flat, and lagoon environments, and adverse diagenetic processes such as cementation, compaction, and dolomitization. Results of this study showed that reservoir zonation using the SMLP can be of help in the interpretation of reservoir heterogeneities in the upper part of the Sarvak Formation at the field scale.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • petrography
  • reservoir zonation
  • reservoir quality
  • flow units
  • electrofacies

اصل مقاله

سنگ­های کربناته یکی از بهترین و مهم‌ترین مخازن و ذخایر نفتی در جهان محسوب می­شوند ]1[. این مخازن در مقابل مخازن ماسه­سنگی دارای ناهمگنی و پیچیدگی­های زمین­شناسی بیشتری هستند که به‌وضوح در نحوه توزیع تخلخل و تراوایی آن‌ها مشاهده می­شود. مدل‌سازی ساختاری و زمین‌شناسی در مدیریت مخزن برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل ناهمگنی مخزن صورت می­گیرد، زیرا ذخیره و جریان سیالات را در محیط‌های متخلخل کنترل می­کند ]2[. خواص مخزنی توسط فرآیندهای دیاژنزی و رسوب­شناسی کنترل می­شوند، به همین علت مدل‌سازی مخازن کربناته دشوار است ]3[. ناهمگنی کربناته­ها به این صورت است که احتمال دارد قسمتی از سنگ در مرحله رسوب‌گذاری ویژگی مخزنی پیدا کند اما در مرحله دیاژنزی این ویژگی را از دست دهد و یا بالعکس آن به وقوع بپیوندد ]5-4،1[. مطالعه مقاطع نازک میکروسکوپی شامل رخساره­های رسوبی و فرآیندهای دیاژنزی نخستین و اساسی‌ترین قدم در تجزیه‌وتحلیل مخازن کربناته است ]1[. نوع تخلخل، هندسه گلوگاه منافذ، توزیع اندازه حفره­ها و تراوایی تحت تأثیر محیط­های رسوبی و فرآیندهای دیاژنزی هستند ]6[. تعیین گونه­های سنگی با روش­های مختلف یکی از مراحل شناسایی ویژگی­های مخزنی و پهنه‌بندی­مخزنی قلمداد می­شود ]7[. داده­های پتروفیزیکی به همراه داده­های زمین‌شناسی می­توانند اطلاعات جامع و دقیق­تری از ویژگی‌های مخزنی در اختیار پژوهشگران قرار دهند ]8[.

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روش های تحلیلی و عددی در مهندسی معدن
دوره 11، شماره 28
مهر 1400
صفحه 51-69

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 فروردین 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 تیر 1400

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