تحلیل حساسیت و تعیین مهم‌ترین پارامترهای مؤثر بر پایداری چاه نفت بر اساس مدل‌سازی عددی در نرم‌افزار Phase2

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی معدن، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ناپایداری چاه در صنعت نفت مسئله مهمی بوده و عموماً به دلیل عوامل مکانیکی، شیمیایی و گرمایی هرساله باعث ایجاد هزینه‌های قابل‌توجهی می‌گردد. این موضوع دلیل اصلی گسیختگی چاه‌ها بوده و نشان‌دهنده مشکلی جدی در صنعت حفاری ‌است. با افزایش عمق حفاری، پایداری چاه در سازندهای عمیق دارای شکستگی طبیعی بیشتر و بیشتر موردتوجه قرارگرفته است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بررسی میزان تأثیر هر پارامتر بر پایداری چاه نفت و مشخص کردن مهم‌ترین آن‌ها و مرتب نمودن آن‌ها بر اساس اهمیت در پایداری چاه نفت است. در این مطالعه با استفاده از تحلیل حساسیت به بررسی میزان تأثیر هفت پارامتر بر پایداری چاه پرداخته‌شده است. حداکثر جابه‌جایی ایجادشده در دیواره چاه به‌عنوان معیار پایداری در نظر گرفته‌شده است. درنهایت این پارامترها به ترتیب از بیشترین تأثیرگذاری تا کمترین تأثیرگذاری مرتب شده‌اند. تحلیل حساسیت به‌وسیله مدل‌سازی عددی انجام خواهد شد. در مدل مربوطه برای مجموعه‌ای از پارامترهای مهم که انتخاب شده‌اند مقادیری پایه‌ای مشخص‌شده، با تغییر دادن مقدار یک پارامتر در محدوده تغییرات خود و ثابت نگه‌داشتن سایر پارامترها و تحلیل آن در نرم‌افزار Phase2 میزان تأثیرگذاری پارامتر مزبور بر پایداری چاه نفت بررسی‌شده یا به عبارتی، حساسیت آن پارامتر بررسی خواهد شد. سپس این فرآیند برای سایر پارامترها نیز انجام‌شده و درواقع حساسیت سایر پارامترها بررسی شد. درنهایت مشخص شد پارامترهای موردبررسی به ترتیب از حساسیت زیاد به کم عبارت‌اند از: فشار منفذی، فشار گل حفاری، نسبت تنش‌های افقی جانبی، زاویه اصطکاک داخلی، ضریب چسبندگی، مدول یانگ و نسبت پوآسون.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sensitivity Analysis and determination of the most important affecting parameters in the stability of oil wellbores based on numerical modeling in Phase2

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahan Amirkhani
  • Abolfazl Abdollahipour
Dept. of Mining Engineering, Technical College, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Summary
In this research, the importance of the parameters affecting the oil wellbore stability has been investigated. This study has been performed by the finite element method and modeling in the Phase 2 software. “Maximum total displacement” is considered as the representative of wellbore stability. The impact of each parameter on the wellbore stability was investigated by changing the values of the parameters. Finally, pore pressure and drilling mud pressure were recognized as the most important parameters affecting the wellbore stability.
 
Introduction
Excavation of oil wells causes stress concentration in the wellbores’ wall by removing the in-situ material from the well. Wellbore wall failures force very high non-productive costs on the oil industry. As a result, performing a suitable stability analysis for the oil well is necessary, for which the parameters affecting the stability of the oil well should be identified. Some many factors and parameters affect the rock mass stability but the role of all these parameters is not the same. One has to identify the order of importance of all the parameters.
Some parameters are called controllable parameters like pore pressure their values can be increased or decreased by the driller but others like pore pressure, friction angle, and cohesion coefficient are called uncontrollable parameters and the driller cannot increase or decrease their values, but the accuracy in the measurement of them is important that controllable parameters can be adjusted based on them. Therefore, because their measurement and adjustment have a direct relationship with the stability of the wellbore and achieving the desired result, their level of accuracy should be proportional to their importance. More cost for more important parameters is reasonable and leads to better results.
 
Methodology and approaches
Nowadays, several numerical methods are available for the stability analysis of oil wells. Among them, the most commonly used are the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), and discrete element method (DEM) and hybrid methods. In this research finite element models were made by Phase2 software and then a dimensionless sensitivity analysis was performed using the results of FEM models. In this research effect of seven parameters (including Young’s modulus, cohesion coefficient, internal friction angle, drilling mud pressure, Poisson ratio, pore pressure, and horizontal lateral stresses ratio) on the stability of wellbore is studied. In the dimensionless sensitivity analysis given a system whose character, , is governed mainly by  factors of  and  is a function of and Then a function is defined based on the relation between  and  where  and finally determines a factor called “sensitivity factor”. The sensitivity factor indicated the relation of relative variation in  (Maximum total displacement in this study) to the relative error of  (the seven parameters mentioned above in this study). The sensitivity factor of each parameter shows the importance of that parameter.
To analyze the sensitivity of each parameter, the parameter varies within its variation range but the other parameters remain constant, and other models of the studied parameter are made. The models are solved and the maximum total displacement of the wellbore wall is considered as a parameter representing the wellbore stability. Then the relation between the studied parameter and maximum total displacement (wellbore stability) is expressed by a function. Then the sensitivity factor of the studied parameter is determined. Then the process will be repeated for the other parameters. Then the effect of each parameter on the stability of the wellbore was investigated by analyzing the diagrams and the parameters were arranged from highest to lowest by comparing the sensitivity factors. In this research, a plan view of a wellbore was investigated. The wellbore is vertical and has a circular section with a diameter of 10 cm. Firstly, an initial pore pressure of 21 MPa is given to the basic model and its loading conditions are as shown in Fig. 1 and the basic values of parameters and the variety range of them are shown in the Table 1.
Results and conclusions
The final result of this research is rating the parameters' stability based on their importance of in the wellbore stability. This importance was expressed by the sensitivity factor. Then the parameters were rated based on their sensitivity factors as summarized in Table 2. Sensitivity factors from highest to lowest are as follows: pore pressure, drilling mud pressure, horizontal lateral stress ratio, internal friction angle, cohesion coefficient, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio.
 
The results show that the pore pressure is the most important parameter affecting the wellbore stability and its sensitivity factor is 7.25. This means that a variation of 15% in , leads to a relative variation in Maximum total displacement of . The sensitivity of two parameters, pore pressure and drilling mud pressure, is significantly higher than the other parameters, and on average, it is about 4.5 times more important than other parameters.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sensitivity Analysis
  • Oil Wellbore Stability
  • Numerical Modeling
  • Phase 2

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 آبان 1401

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